![]() Early-stage cartilage damage is clinically silent, as structural changes typically precede clinical signs and symptoms of pain. The treatment of focal cartilage damage has led to exponential development of both surgical and biologic therapies under the influence of arthroscopic surgery. ![]() Further studies also regarding application intervals, timing and differences in different joints are required. With regard to adipose tissue-based cell therapy, the current scientific data do not yet justify any recommendation for its use. The role of a combination therapy with use of intra-articular corticosteroids is lacking in the absence of adequate study data and cannot be defined yet. ![]() Based on the currently available literature and preclinical studies, intra- and postoperative injectables may have a positive effect of platelet-rich plasma/fibrin (PRP/PRF) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on cartilage regeneration and, in the case of HA injections, also on the clinical outcome can be assumed. Biologically effective injection therapies could further improve these results. In the knee joint, it has the potential to reduce almost a quarter of the arthroses requiring joint replacement caused by cartilage damage. Guideline-based surgical cartilage therapy for focal cartilage damage offers highly effective possibilities to sustainably reduce patients’ complaints and to prevent or at least delay the development of early osteoarthritis.
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